Modelling Multilevel Variations in Distance Moved between Origins and Destinations in England and Wales
利用大型全国调查的个体数据，采用多层次交叉分类模型，揭示英格兰和威尔士居民迁移距离受个人特征（收入、教育、住房）及起点/终点地区（社区、城市区域）共同影响，其中大都市迁出者和迁往乡村/沿海地区的迁移距离显著更长。
Using individual records from a large and geographically detailed national research opinion survey, this paper uniquely adopts a multilevel cross-classified statistical framework to demonstrate the relative importance of individual and simultaneous origin/destination contextual (neighbourhood and city region) variations in the distance moved by residential migrants in England and Wales. The model results confirm distinct microlevel variations in the distance moved according to certain key variables such as household income, educational attainment, and housing tenure whilst simultaneously revealing the importance of substantial origin and destination place-based macrogeographic variations. More specifically, the results indicate the extent to which those out-migrants from the main metropolitan cores, together with those in-migrants to the rural/coastal (amenity-rich) destinations, move over considerably longer distances than the average distance of move.