Firm‐Level Monopsony and the Gender Pay Gap
利用雇主-雇员匹配数据估计企业-性别特定劳动力供给弹性，发现女性面临更大搜索摩擦，但弹性性别差距主要由企业间分类而非企业内部差异驱动，婚姻和生育惩罚解释了60%的弹性差异。
This study uses linked employer–employee data to estimate firm‐by‐gender specific labor supply elasticities. Using a dynamic model of labor supply, I find evidence that females face a greater degree of search frictions than males. However, the majority of the gender gap in labor supply elasticities is driven by across‐firm sorting rather than within‐firm differences. I find that males face a labor supply elasticity 0.15 points higher than females, which leads to 3.3 percent lower earnings for women. Sixty percent of the elasticity differential can be explained by marriage and child penalties faced by women but not men.