Better residential than ethnic discrimination! Reconciling audit and interview findings in the Parisian housing market
通过配对测试审计和面对面访谈，发现巴黎房地产中介在预约看房时更歧视来自贫困郊区的申请人，而种族（由姓名体现）没有显著影响，与访谈中中介承认的种族歧视形成矛盾。
This article investigates discrimination and the interplay of residential and ethnic stigma on the French housing market using two different methods: paired-testing audit study of real-estate agencies and face-to-face interviews with real-estate agents. Findings lead to a paradox: interviews reveal high levels of ethnic discrimination but little to no residential discrimination, while the audit study shows that living in deprived suburbs is associated with a lower probability of obtaining an appointment for a housing vacancy but ethnic origin (signalled by the candidate’s name) has no significant discriminatory effect. We have three priors potentially consistent with this apparent paradox and re-evaluate their likelihood in light of these findings: (1) agents make use of any statistical information about insolvency, including residency; (2) there are two distinct and independent taste discriminations, one about space and one about ethnicity; (3) these two dimensions exist and complement each other.