South Africa in the Australian mirror: per capita real GDP in the Cape Colony, Natal, Victoria, and New South Wales, 1861–1909
比较1861-1909年南非开普殖民地和纳塔尔与澳大利亚两个最发达殖民地的人均实际GDP，并估算南非殖民地欧洲人和非欧洲人的人均GDP，发现南非经济增长强于通常认知，但非欧洲人未共享进步。
This article compares the real GDP per capita of the C ape C olony and N atal between 1861 and 1909 with that of A ustralia's two most developed colonies, V ictoria and N ew S outh W ales. Estimates of E uropean and non‐ E uropean GDP per capita for both S outh A frican colonies are also provided. Together, this information allows for the first time an evaluation of the growth performance of these important parts of the S outh A frican economy in the colonial era. The article concludes that S outh A frican performance in this period was stronger than often assumed and that by the beginning of the twentieth century E uropean S outh A fricans, now more fully integrated into a B ritish W orld economy, operated at a level of GDP per capita that matched and in some places may have exceeded that of A ustralians. Non‐ E uropean S outh A fricans, however, did not share in these same advances.