Exposure to Environmental Urban Noise Pollution in Birmingham, UK
利用声传播模型和1991年人口普查数据，研究了英国伯明翰市道路、铁路和机场噪声暴露在不同年龄、种族和社会经济群体中的不平等程度，发现噪声暴露与种族或社会经济地位关联较弱。
This paper examines the extent to which inequalities in noise exposure are present in the city of Birmingham in the English Midlands. Estimates of road and rail noise levels were made using established sound propagation models and were combined with data on noise generated from the city's airport. Demographic details from the 1991 UK Census provided information on population age, ethnic make-up and deprivation. No relationship was established between noise exposure and population age, and there was only rather weak evidence of an association between noise exposure and ethnicity. Similarly weak disparities were observed in estimated noise exposures and levels of socioeconomic deprivation. The implications of these findings with regard to possible efforts to reduce urban noise levels are discussed.