Coming to work while sick: an economic theory of presenteeism with an application to German data
构建理论模型解释为何员工带病上班（出勤主义），并用德国数据验证了工作压力大、健康状况差会增加出勤主义，而更好的解雇保护（如高工龄）会略微减少出勤天数。
Presenteeism, i.e. attending work while sick, is widespread and associated with significant costs. Still, economic analyses of this phenomenon are rare. In a theoretical model, we show that presenteeism arises due to differences between workers in the disutility from workplace attendance. As these differences are unobservable by employers, they set wages that incentivize sick workers to attend work. Using a large representative German data set, we test several hypotheses derived from our model. In line with our predictions, we find that stressful working conditions and bad health status are positively related to presenteeism. Better dismissal protection, captured by higher tenure, is associated with slightly fewer presenteeism days, whereas the role of productivity and skills is inconclusive.