Does it Pay to Work for Free? Negative Selection and the Wage Returns to Volunteer Experience
利用工具变量估计志愿者经验的工资回报，发现回报显著且存在性别差异，并揭示无偿工作中的负向选择现象，对理解性别工资差距和志愿者政策有参考价值。
Abstract This paper offers the first instrumental variables estimates of the wage returns to volunteer experience. The returns are substantial and differ considerably by gender. The results imply that the unequal valuation of volunteer experience by gender is more important in explaining the gender earnings gap than is the unequal valuation of part‐time paid work experience. The results also indicate negative selection into unpaid work. In a simple model of optimal volunteering, negative selection implies that a lower cost of volunteering would produce both an expanded and higher‐skilled pool of volunteers, and greater societal benefits from volunteer work.