Big Structures, Small Events, and Large Processes in Economic Geography
本文批评社会科学中追求永恒逻辑的模型，提出小事件在塑造大社会过程中具有理论能动性，并以技术变革与产业区位为例说明其对城市化理论的启示。
The social sciences have tended to look for logics of social processes or of social structures, both of which may be relatively invariant with respect to specific events or may be viewed as determining specific sequences of events. These models are, by virtue of their deep logic, timeless. Most of the recent attempts in social theory to avoid the functionalism and determinism of timeless models have introduced contingency into the structure—events relationship. In this paper I argue, by contrast, that one needs theoretical apparatuses to explain ‘paths taken’ and ‘paths foreclosed’ in concrete events in social life. Small events have a certain theoretical ‘agency’ in the construction of large social processes and the latter, in turn, are the stuff out of which social structures are ultimately made or broken. The case of technological change and industry location is used to illustrate this logic, and its implications for theories of urbanisation are suggested.