Generalizing Evidence from Randomized Trials Using Inverse Probability of Sampling Weights
提出一种抽样概率逆加权估计量，用于将随机试验结果推广到目标人群，并证明其一致性和渐近正态性，通过HIV治疗试验数据验证了方法有效性。
Results obtained in randomized trials may not easily generalize to target populations. Whereas in randomized trials the treatment assignment mechanism is known, the sampling mechanism by which individuals are selected to participate in the trial is typically not known and assuming random sampling from the target population is often dubious. We consider an inverse probability of sampling weighted (IPSW) estimator for generalizing trial results to a target population. The IPSW estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. A consistent sandwich-type variance estimator is derived and simulation results are presented comparing the IPSW estimator to a previously proposed stratified estimator. The methods are then utilized to generalize results from two randomized trials of HIV treatment to all people living with HIV in the United States.