The North American Natural Gas Liquids Markets are Chaotic
用1985至1996年月度数据，通过Lyapunov指数检验了七种德州烃类市场是否存在确定性混沌，发现五种天然气液体市场存在混沌证据。
In this paper we test for deterministic chaos (i.e., nonlinear deterministic processes which look random) in seven Mont Belview, Texas, hydrocarbon markets, using monthly data from 1985:1 to 1996:12--the markets are those of ethane, propane, normal butane, iso-butane, naptha, crude oil, and natural gas. In doing so, we use the Lyapunov exponent estimator of Nychka, Ellner, Gallant, and McCaffrey (1992). We conclude that there is evidence, consistent with a chaotic nonlinear generation process in all five natural gas liquids markets.