Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar
构建局部均衡框架，评估马达加斯加应对大米价格上涨的关税削减与定向转移支付政策，发现关税减让效率收益主要流向高福利群体，而定向转移支付对减贫更有效。
Abstract Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low‐income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost‐effective approach to poverty alleviation.