EMBODIED CARBON IN TRADE: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
这篇论文批判性地回顾了贸易中隐含碳的实证文献，发现不同研究对2004年全球贸易隐含碳排放的估算差异巨大（4.4至6.2 Gt CO2），相当于欧洲年排放量的一半，但一致表明贸易排放占全球排放的比重高且增长快，而国家层面估算的不确定性限制了其在气候政策中的应用。
Abstract This paper critically reviews the literature on embodied carbon in trade and evaluates our present empirical understanding of these flows. A careful comparison of quantitative results from this literature exposes significant inconsistencies. For instance, estimates for emission embodied in world trade in 2004 range between 4.4 Gt and 6.2 Gt CO2, the difference corresponding to around half of Europe's annual emissions. A few consistent themes do nevertheless emerge from the literature. Most importantly, emissions in trade constitute a large and growing share of global emissions. Uncertainty about country‐level embodied emissions remains large, however, which presents severe limitations for the practical application of embodied carbon principles in climate policy.