Do Free Trade Agreements Affect Tariffs of Nonmember Countries? A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation
研究了自由贸易协定如何通过贸易转移效应促使非成员国降低对成员国的关税，并用1989-2011年192个进口国和253个出口国的行业数据验证了这一机制。
We investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on tariffs of nonmember countries. In our multi-country model, the formation of an FTA leads members to reduce their exports to the rest of the world. Such external trade diversion weakens the ability of nonmembers to manipulate their terms of trade vis-à-vis FTA members, a mechanism that induces them to lower their tariffs on FTA members. We empirically confirm this insight using industry-level trade data for 192 importing and 253 exporting countries, along with information on all FTAs formed in the world during 1989–2011.