Trade liberalization and productivity dynamics: evidence from Canada
研究了加美自由贸易协定对加拿大制造业的影响，发现加拿大关税削减促使中等生产率非出口工厂退出，市场份额向高生产率工厂转移，从而带来总体生产率提升；美国关税削减则提高了出口商尤其是新进入者的工厂内生产率。
Abstract. The paper investigates the productivity effects of the Canada‐U.S. Free Trade Agreement on Canadian manufacturing. It finds that Canadian tariff cuts increased exit rates among moderately productive non‐exporting plants. This led to the reallocation of market share towards highly productive plants, which explains the aggregate productivity gains observed when Canadian tariffs were reduced. The U.S. tariff cuts led to the within‐plant productivity gains in exporters and, especially, new entrants into the export market. Any lack of output responses and labour‐shedding as a consequence of the FTA was experienced by non‐exporting plants, while exporters captured the gains from the FTA.