Intermediate Facilities in Freight Transportation Planning: A Survey
这篇综述回顾了运筹学文献中关于货运交通规划问题的研究，重点关注中间设施（如转运中心）对成本和配送方式的影响，并总结了车辆路径、转运和服务网络设计三类问题的变体、求解方法及未来方向。
Consolidation of freight and merging operations are essential for transportation companies to reduce costs and improve the level of service provided to customers. Such operations take place in intermediate facilities or terminals located between the origins and the destinations of freight. This survey reviews the main contributions from the operations research literature on freight transportation planning problems where the presence of intermediate facilities has a strong impact on the cost of the system and on how goods are delivered. In particular, we focus on the tactical planning issues arising in this context. We have identified three classes of problems with intermediate facilities: vehicle routing problems, transshipment problems, and service network design problems. For each class of problems we provide an overview of the main problem variants, survey the methods used for their solution, and indicate open research directions.