Italian Municipalities and the Fiscal Crisis: Four Strategies for Muddling Through
通过对八个意大利市政当局的多案例研究，识别了地方管理层在近期财政危机中感知的主要冲击及相应的组织应对方式，归纳出四种不同的反应模式。
Abstract Through a multiple case study of eight Italian municipalities, our paper identifies the main shocks perceived by the local management as a consequence of the recent fiscal crisis and the related organizational responses. The analysis roots current responses in longer‐term municipal financial management and strategies. Even in a context where the shocks are described and identified as being much the same, there is not a single pattern of response, but (at least) four different ways of reacting to shocks can be identified: reorientation, buffering, continuous adjustment, avoiding problems and catching opportunities.