The ‘true protection’ concept ‐ a comment on Greenaway and Milner
评论了评估发展中国家“真实保护”的实证研究，指出高移位参数并非源于替代关系，而是由通胀性货币政策导致，并质疑传统与非传统出口的区分及参数稳定性。
Empirical studies estimating shift‐parameters to evaluate the ‘true protection’ especially for developing countries often reach the result that those parameters have very high values. This study is to show that it is not substitutional relationships but much more the very inflationary monetary policy of many developing countries which forces the shift‐parameters towards one. Moreover it is shown that it makes little sense to distinguish between ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ exports and that shift‐parameters are not necessarily stable over time.