Consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany: A multilevel analysis for 1985–2013
分析了1985至2013年间德国自愿换工作对收入和满意度的影响，发现收入增幅随时间下降，而满意度提升保持稳定，且结构性因素比个人因素更重要。
Analyzing the development of the consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany between 1985 and 2013, the study focuses on income gains and job satisfaction increases. Drawing on arguments of the job-search literature on the one hand and the proliferation of choices on the other we investigate whether the returns of job changes have increased or decreased. Results show that income gains have decreased over time while the job satisfaction surplus has remained stable. We further conclude that in determining the outcomes of job changes over time, structural factors seem to be more important than individual ones.