Seizing Opportunities: The Moderating Role of Managerial Characteristics on the Relationship between Opportunity‐Seeking and Innovation Efficacy in Small Businesses
基于调节焦点理论，研究小型企业战略导向和创业文化对创新效能的影响，发现管理者目标和行为会调节这些关系。对352家小型企业的数据分析显示，战略导向正向影响创新效能，且低管理指导行为下关系更强；创业文化在管理者关注利润增长目标和高管理指导行为时正向影响创新效能。
We draw from regulatory focus theory to examine the relationship between a focus on opportunities through strategic orientation and entrepreneurial culture and managerial reports of innovation efficacy in small businesses. We propose that manager goals and behaviors moderate these relationships. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 352 small employer firms. Findings support that strategic orientation positively associates with innovation efficacy and that this relationship is stronger under low managerial direction behaviors. Entrepreneurial culture positively associates with innovation efficacy when managers focus on profit and growth goals and under high managerial direction behaviors.