Happy workers value effort, sad workers value reward
研究发现，情绪状态影响员工对努力和回报的评价：快乐的人更愿意为未来回报付出努力，悲伤的人则倾向于不费额外努力获取回报，这解释了同一激励计划下员工反应的差异。
Why do various workers exhibit dissimilar motivational levels and performance results within the same incentive systems? According to expectancy theory, this might result from distinct evaluations of whether those rewards deserve corresponding effort. We proposed and verified that affective states influence the valuation of effort and reward. We concluded that happy people are likely to exert efforts for future rewards and sad people tend to seek rewards without extra effort. Our finding can explain divergent employee reactions to the same incentive programme. Our results provide an explanation for the finding that happy workers are more productive than sad workers. These results have crucial implications for human resource management theory and practice.