Knowledge-Based Systems Support for Information Centers
论文介绍了信息中心专家项目，其中ICE/C系统已开发并用于软件选择咨询，还讨论了扩展ICE/D和ICE/H以支持信息中心的其他职责，以及从多位专家获取知识的方法。
Abstract:Information centers (ics) are taking on an increasingly important role in organizational computing and are being given responsibility for supporting the enhancement of information system technology in the organization. There are primarily three areas of responsibility for the ics: consultation, distribution, and help service. The information center expert (ice) project attempts to provide knowledge-based support for ics. The ice project has three divisions, corresponding with the three areas of responsibility for information centers. The three divisions are: information center expert for consultation (ice/c), distribution (ice/d), and help service (ice/h). The ice/c system has been developed using Expert System Environment/Virtual Machine (ese/vm) on the IBM 4381 mainframe. The system is operational and is being tested in five different ics. ice/c is used for consultation with ic users to assist them with the process of software selection. The paper presents the ice/c architecture and discusses functional extensions to ice/c, that is, ice/d and ice/h, for supporting the other responsibilities of the <SCIC< span>. The design considerations for these extensions are discussed. The development of ice/c surfaced concerns regarding acquiring knowledge from multiple experts. An alternative approach using a group decision support environment to elicit knowledge from experts is presented. The paper also discusses the use of an objectoriented approach as a representation technique.Key Words and Phrases:: Knowledge-based systemsexpert systemsinformation centerknowledge acquisitionobject-oriented systems Additional informationNotes on contributorsJay F. NunamakerJay F. Nunamaker, Jr., is head of the Department of Management Information Systems and is Professor of Management Information Systems (mis) and Computer Science at the University of Arizona. He received a Ph.D. from Case Institute of Technology in systems engineering and operations research. He was an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Industrial Administration at Purdue University. Dr. Nunamaker joined the faculty of the University of Arizona in 1974 to develop the mis program. Author of more than 75 papers on group decision support systems, the automation of software construction, performance evaluation of computer systems, and decision support systems for systems analysis and design, he has lectured throughout Europe, Asia, and South America, as well as the USSR. Dr. Nunamaker is chairman of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Curriculum Committee on Information Systems.Benn R. KonsynskiBenn R. Konsynski—please see the biography in the Introduction.Minder ChenMinder Chen is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Arizona. He received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University and an M.B. A. from National Chiao-Tung University. His current research interests include computer-aided software engineering, software productivity, the object-oriented approach to information systems development, knowledge acquisition and representation in system analysis and design, expert system applications, and knowledge-based supported collaborative work.Ajay S. VinzeAjay S. Vinze is Assistant Professor of Management Information Systems at Texas A&M University. He received a B.Comm. from the University of Delhi and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut. He received his Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Arizona in May 1988. The title of his dissertation is "Knowledge-based Support for Software Selection in Information Centers: Design Criteria, Development Issues, and Empirical Evaluation." His current research interests include business applications for expert system technology, end-user computing and information centers, and decision support systems.Y. Irene Liou ChenY. Irene Liou Chen is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Arizona. She received a B.A. in philosophy from National Taiwan University, an M.L.S. from the University of Southern Mississippi, and an M.S. from the University of Arizona. Her current research interests include knowledge-based systems development, knowledge acquisition from multiple experts, the information center in an academic environment, expert systems design for end-user computing and business applications, and group decision support systems.Mari M. HeltneMari M. Heltne is Assistant Professor of Management Information Systems at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa. She received her Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Arizona in May 1988. Her research interests include knowledge-based systems in business, particularly for resource management, and support mechanisms for end-user computing.