Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Pay
比较了女性与男性伴侣在成为父母前后的收入和工资轨迹，发现第一个孩子出生15年后，夫妻间的性别收入差距和工资差距分别扩大了32和10个百分点。
We compare the income and wage trajectories of women to those of their male partners before and after parenthood. Focusing on the within-couple gap allows us to control for both observed and unobserved attributes of the spouse and to estimate both short- and long-term effects of entering parenthood. We find that 15 years after the first child has been born, the male-female gender gaps in income and wages have increased by 32 and 10 percentage points, respectively. In line with a collective labor supply model, the magnitude of these effects depends on counterfactual relative incomes or wages within the family.