Elastic time
提出一类基于近完美状态信息（NPSI）的自适应同步协议，通过分析证明其性能可任意优于或劣于Time Warp协议，实验表明弹性时间算法（ETA）在时间和空间上均优于Time Warp。
We introduce a new class of synchronization protocols for parallel discrete event simulation, those based on near-perfect state information (NPSI). NPSI protocols are adaptive dynamically controlling the rate at which processes constituting a parallel simulation proceed with the goal of completing a simulation efficiently. We show by analysis that a class of adaptive protocols (that includes NPSI and several others) can both arbitrarily outperform and be arbitrarily outperformed by the Time Warp synchronization protocol. This mixed result both substantiates the promising results we and other adaptive protocol designers have observed, and cautions those who might assume that any adaptive protocol will always be better than any nonadaptive one. We establish in an experimental study that a particular NPSI protocol, the Elastic Time Algorithm , outperforms Time Warp, both temporally and spatially on every workload tested. Although significant options remain with respect to the design of ETA, the work presented here establishes the class of NPSI protocols as a very promising approach.