Customer Discrimination: Evidence from Israel
研究以色列劳动力密集型服务市场中顾客对阿拉伯工人的歧视，发现犹太顾客偏好犹太工人，这种偏好影响企业雇佣决策并导致雇佣阿拉伯工人的企业定价更低。
This paper studies customer discrimination against Arab workers in the Israeli market for labor-intensive services. Relying on surveys, field data, and a natural experiment, we provide evidence consistent with Becker’s customer discrimination model. First, a significant share of Jewish customers prefer to receive labor-intensive services from firms employing Jewish rather than Arab workers; these preferences are most strongly linked to concerns for personal safety. Second, customer preferences affect firms’ hiring decisions. Third, firms employing Arab workers charge significantly lower service prices than those employing only Jewish workers.