Unpacking the Black Box: A realist evaluation of performance management for social services
研究绩效管理如何在新加坡志愿组织中实现问责与改进，发现实施差异导致绩效信息主要用于报告而非学习改进，强调优化实施所需的情境条件。
This study examined how and why performance management works to achieve accountability and improvement among voluntary organizations, through the use of performance information. Applying realist evaluation methodology, initial programme theories of performance management were developed and tested against empirical data gathered from six case studies in the voluntary sector in Singapore. Considerable variation in implementation undermined the success of performance management, leading to the use of performance information primarily for reporting purposes rather than for learning and improvement. Findings highlight the need for greater attention to the contexts necessary to optimize the effective implementation of performance management.