Innovative Organizations Require Innovative Managers
分析了平庸管理者被雇佣和晋升的五个原因，包括政治庇护、能力识别不足、招聘方法不严格等，并指出解决这些问题有助于吸引优秀人才和改善公共管理教育。
A first-rate executive or manager will attract and appoint other first-rate persons. A second rater will gather third raters, while a third rater can enlist only fifth raters. The employment and promotion of mediocre and inferior public executives and managers is due to some combination of: (1) political and other kinds of patronage, (2) failure to pinpoint the abilities required, (3) non-rigorous methods in recruitment and evaluating competencies and suitability, (4) stifling imposition of personnel routines, and (5) lack of understanding by recruiting and appointing officials of how to distinguish between superior and other persons. Remedy of these shortcomings would also help remove two other obstacles: the disinterest of many well-qualified persons because of the poor reputation of some governments and agencies as employers; and, secondly, the scarcity of first-rate managerial talent due to the weak and poorly publicized system of public management education.