Social Inequality and Party Membership: Patterns of Recruitment into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
利用非党来源的个体数据，构建匈牙利社会主义工人党党员招募的因果模型，发现两条入党路径：职业结构路径和教育机构路径，并揭示性别不平等和老年统治现象。
This paper presents a causal model of membership recruitment into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, using unit record data from non-Party sources. The findings qualify both the official view and new class theory by showing two roads to Party membership. The first runs through the occupational structure, where workers, professionals, and technocrats are advantaged over individuals outside socialized production. The runs through educational institutions, providing an educated few with extra opportunities to enter the Party. Results corroborate earlier conclusions that patriarchal allocation of political privileges continues in Hungary. Despite formal guarantees to the contrary, women are significantly underrepresented in the Party. Intercohort changes in membership recruitment show that older cohorts monopolize key Party positions, suggesting that a gerontocracy has emerged in Hungarian political life. Overall, results lend further evidence to the contention that some crystallization in inequalities has taken place in Hungary in the second stage of socialist development.