Public Management in a Pluralistic Arena
本文指出治理机构正经历深刻变革，公共政策的设计与实施责任分散到多个组织，公共部门越来越多依赖第三方执行项目，这改变了联邦政府的责任与运作方式。
Governing institutions are undergoing profound changes as responsibilities for designing and implementing public policies continue to be dispersed among a number of organizations. Observers refer to indirect government, third-party government, and government by proxy to describe how the public sector is increasingly relying on a number of organizations, units, and individuals to carry out programs.1 According to Mosher, writing in 1980, the diffusion has been of such magnitude as to alter fundamentally the nature of federal responsibilities and modes of operating, calling for a quite different approach to the role of federal management....2