When Does National Identity Matter? Convergence and Divergence in International Business Ethics
基于整合社会契约理论，研究俄罗斯和美国受访者对组织实践的态度，发现伦理超规范和地方规范条件下两国人的态度趋同，国家认同差异不影响趋同。
Integrative social contracts theory has multilevel implications for similarities and differences in ethical attitudes between and among members of national groups. This theory identifies two conditions—type of norm and degree of community inclusion—that predict convergence rather than divergence in ethical attitudes. Our findings support our convergence hypotheses. Russian and American survey respondents expressed similar attitudes toward organizational practices violating ethical “hypernorms.” American expatriates who were highly included in Russian communities expressed attitudes similar to those of Russian respondents when evaluating “local norm” practices. In both cases, Russians' and Americans' ethical attitudes converged despite differences in their national identities.