The Gendered Labor Market Impacts of Trade Liberalization
利用巴西贸易自由化前后的地区差异，研究发现自由化降低了男女的劳动力参与率和可贸易部门就业率，但男性受影响更大，从而缩小了性别差距。
This paper investigates the impact of Brazil's trade liberalization on gender differences in labor market outcomes, using difference-in-difference estimation that exploits variation in preliberalization industry composition across microregions. We find that trade liberalization reduced male and female labor force participation rates and tradable sector employment rates, particularly among the low-skilled population. As aggregate effects on men are significantly larger, liberalization reduced the percentage point gender gap in employment and participation rates. However, in proportionate terms, we find no evidence that women's employment and participation increased relative to men's, or that women benefitted from the procompetitive effects of free trade.