A Century of Municipal Reform in the United States
本文考察了四项旨在实现“好政府”的进步改革（模范城市宪章、议会-经理制、城市管理专业化、官僚服务交付）的遗产，整合多学科视角，并基于霍夫施塔特的改革“冲动”概念分析市政改革运动的成功与适应，最后对改革未来提出四点观察。
In this article, we examine the legacy of four progressive reforms intended to secure “good” government—the model city charter, the council-manager plan, city management professionalism, and bureaucratic service delivery. Our analysis integrates research by historians, political scientists, sociologists, and public administration scholars, and provides a unique multidisciplinary perspective on the legacy of success and adaptation of the municipal reform movement. We use Hofstadter’s concept of a reform “impulse” in American political culture to frame our analysis. We conclude with four observations on the future of municipal reform, ultimately arguing that the impulse to “reform” continues to be a dominant driver across both local government management and institutions.