From Novelty to Utility: George Westinghouse and the Business of Innovation during the Age of Edison
本文对比了爱迪生和威斯汀豪斯的创新策略：爱迪生向城市富人销售新奇产品，而威斯汀豪斯为铁路等工业客户提供设备，揭示了两人对创新过程的不同态度和商业倾向。
This article argues that Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse, despite some shared characteristics in their approach to technical problems and a common interest in electric power, pursued distinct markets for innovation. Edison sold novelties to upper-class urbanites, whereas Westinghouse provided equipment to railroads and other industrial customers. As a consequence, the two entrepreneurs consistently exhibited different attitudes toward the process of innovation and different inclinations as businessmen. Westinghouse, more than Edison, foreshadowed the coming of corporate research and development.