钢铁与国家:1940-1989年的产业政治与商业政策形成

Steel and the State: Industry Politics and Business Policy Formation, 1940-1989

American Sociological Review · 1990
被引 95
FT 50ABS 4★

中文讲解

作者探讨了国家是否具有自主性以及资本家阶级内部是否存在统一性这两个长期争论的问题。作者认为这些问题是历史性的,并将国家概念化为一个受自身结构和议程以及环境中政治联盟影响的组织。通过考察1940年至1989年间影响美国钢铁行业的政策,作者评估了关于国家商业政策形成的不同解释。主要发现包括:(1)代表国家环境中资本家群体政治联盟的组织构成了集体行动的基础,并成为行使政治和经济权力的手段;(2)积累率的差异影响商业统一性;(3)商业政策受到国家结构和议程及其与钢铁行业利益冲突或一致方式的影响;(4)随着国家权威扩展到更多经济活动领域并建立更复杂的执行结构,国家自主性下降,因为这些新结构为阶级成员提供了合法机制,使其能够在其中行使政治权力。

Abstract

Whether states are autonomous and whether unity exists within the capitalist class are questions that have long been debated by political and historical sociologists. I suggest that these questions are historically contingent, and conceptualize the state as an organization that is affected by its own structure and agendas, and by the political coalitions in its environment. I evaluate competing explanations of state business policy formation by examining policies that affected the U.S. steel industry between 1940 and 1989. There are four major findings: (1) organizations that represent political coalitions of capitalist groups in the state's environment form the basis of collective action and constitute the means to exercise political and economic power; (2) differential rates of accumulation affect business unity; (3) business policy is affected by the state's structure and agendas and the way in which its agendas conflict or coincide with the interests of the steel industry; (4) as the state's authority extends over more areas of economic activity and as it establishes more complex enforcement structures, state autonomy declines because these new structures provide class segments with legitimate mechanisms within which class members can exercise their political power.

政治社会学产业政策国家理论商业政治