Application of the chicken embryo in testing for embryotoxicity: thiurams.
开发了用鸡胚连续监测化学物胚胎毒性的测试方案，发现秋兰姆类化合物中四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物毒性最强，晚期死亡常伴随畸形，以眼缺陷和体腔开放为主。
A test protocol was developed for the testing of chemicals for toxicity on the chicken embryo. The protocol called for a continuous monitoring of the developing embryo for those that died before maceration. The eggs were injected on day 3, and the test was continued up to day 14 of incubation. The following parameters of embryotoxicity were used: early deaths (spanning the first 2 d after injection), late deaths with malformed embryos, late deaths with nonmalformed embryos, and malformed survivors. The order of embryotoxic potency, in descending order, among the thiurams was tetramethylthiuramdisulfide, tetramethylthiurammonosulfide, tetraethylthiuramdisulfide. It was found that late deaths were seen in 70% of the cases with malformations. The most common types of malformations were eye defects and open coeloms. Dead embryos frequently had multiple malformations. In lethal cases, embryonic development terminated at stages 25/26 and 29 on the Hamburger-Hamilton scale.