Excellence V. Effectiveness: Macintyre’s Critique of Business
本文阐述麦金太尔的美德伦理学，认为启蒙运动的形式主义和功利主义未能定义“善”，导致管理者缺乏内在道德标准，转而追求“赢”或“有效”，并论证其美德伦理范式与现有组织行为理论契合。
Abstract: Alasdair Maclntyre (1984) asserts that the ethical systems of the Enlightenment (formalism and utilitarianism) have failed to provide a meaningful definition of “good.” Lacking such a definition, business managers have no internal standards by which they can morally evaluate their roles or acts. Maclntyre goes on to claim that managers have substituted external measures of “winning” or “effectiveness” for any internal concept of good. He supports a return to the Aristotelian notion of virtue or “excellence.” Such a system of virtue ethics depends on an interrelationship of the community, one’s roles in that community, and the virtues one needs to perform that role well. This article develops Maclntyre’s concept of virtue ethics and shows how this paradigm fits well with existing theories about organizational behavior.