Analysing bullwhip and backlash effects in supply chains with phase space trajectories
提出用相空间轨迹分析供应链中需求与供给的波动（牛鞭效应和回弹效应），通过测量少量变量揭示动态行为，为供应链设计、运营和控制提供依据。
We will investigate demand and supply variations in supply chains commonly known as bullwhip and backlash effects. The main goal of this paper is to detect bullwhip and backlash effects and its interactions by measuring only a few supply chain variables. To do so, we consider a multistage supply chain and analyse it with the aid of phase space trajectories. An examination of the geometrical structures of trajectories can reveal the dynamics of the bullwhip and backlash behaviour in supply chains. Therefore, we use a physical analogy to wave theory and describe order and delivery oscillations as a process of wave reflection. The proposed methodology systematically provides the basis for analysing a number of dynamic and transient behaviours that supplement the traditional analysis. These behaviour patterns include supply chain stability, compactness and bullwhip/backlash trade-offs, which have important consequences for the design, operation and control of supply chains.