The American Bureaucrat: A History of a Sheep in Wolves' Clothing
本文追溯了“官僚”和“官僚制”在美国历史中作为贬义词的演变，揭示其背后根深蒂固的反政府传统，适合对美国政治文化或公共行政感兴趣的读者。
For most of American history the terms bureaucrat and bureaucracy have been used in popular discourse as epithets, when they have been used at all. Although both terms have achieved a certain amount of academic credibility in American social science over the last 30 or 40 years, it is an acceptance which is grudging. That is true, in many respects, even in the worlds of political science and public administration where the influence of European theory since the end of World War II has brought about a broader understanding of comparative administrative practices. Nonetheless, in the sophisticated professions that now constitute the complex fields of journalism and political commentary the terms are part of a political language that has evolved in American political life. They evoke negative images. Even when they appear in debates that are ostensibly about deregulation and the role of the state in the life of the citizen, they are in fact expressions of an American suspicion of government that goes back to our national origins. Americans believed that power was essentially corrupting long before Lord Acton articulated the idea for them; and bureaucracy is a term that can easily be used to describe the inherent corruption of power.