Multinational Organization Development: A Social Architectural Perspective.
指出传统组织发展方法未能充分描述跨国组织与环境的复杂关系，提出跨国组织发展需要全球视角的多组织发展观。
The underlying premise of Heenan and Perlmutter's Multinational Organization Development is that in the currently emerging era of multilateral regulation models of transnational organization development must encompass the manifold interrelationships which exist between the multinational organization and the environment in which it operates. The central shortcoming common to traditional OD approaches, Heenan and Perlmutter observe, lies in their characteristic failure to describe adequately these critical interfaces. What is required now, in the author's opinion, is an expansion of focus, from a parochial concentration on multinatonal organizations taken singularly to an approach which acknowledges that multinational OD, means multiorganizational development with a worldwide perspective. Multinational organization development does not take place in a vacuum: these entities, of which the multinational corporation is the salient example, are both agents of change and objects of change.