Global Competition and the Nature of Trade in the European Community's Pulp and Paper Industry
研究了1960至1985年间欧共体纸浆和造纸行业应对全球竞争时贸易模式的变化，发现成员国间产品专业化增强，并用竞争优势理论解释，而非传统比较优势。
AbstractThis paper examines the changing nature of pulp and paper trade patterns within the European Community as these producers responded to increasing global competition between the years 1960 and 1985. As the process of internationalization in the industry intensified during the 1980s, specialization in the trade of individual pulp and paper products occurred between member states. Specialization is explained in the theoretical context of competitive advantage, where corporate strategies and government intervention are emphasized, rather than in the traditional neoclassical context of free markets, or comparative advantage. The nature of trade is measured using Grubel and Lloyd's (1975) Bij index.