The Effects of Improved Roads on Wages and Employment: Evidence from Rural Labour Markets in Indonesia
利用印度尼西亚农村家庭面板数据，研究发现道路质量提升通过提高运输速度，增加了非农业和农业就业的工资，并减少了相对受教育家庭成员在农业就业中的工作时间，表明道路与教育存在互补性。
This paper examines the impact of road quality on labour supply and wages using household panel data from rural Indonesia. The analysis uses fixed-effect instrumental variable estimation by first differencing two-round panel data. First, road projects are found to increase the transportation speed. Second, the empirical results from intra-village variations of household endowments and labour-market behaviour show that an increase in transportation speed raised wages in both non-agricultural and agricultural employment, and was associated with a decline in working time in agricultural employment, for the households whose members are relatively educated. The findings support potential complementarity between road quality and education, implying that the government’s public investments in roads and education should be coordinated to capture cross-augmenting positive impacts in the long run.