Ethnic Hegemony and the Japanese of California
提出族群霸权模型解释少数族群如何在主流社会中建立经济控制领域，并以加州日裔美国人通过农业和园艺业实现向上流动的案例进行实证检验。
This research proposes a model to explain how ethnic minorities establish an economic niche in the host society. The model emphasizes infrastructure and proposes the concept of ethnic hegemony a situation in which an ethnic group achieves economic control over an important economic arena that interfaces with the majority. By a priori specifying the model, it is possible to see how the ethnicity of a specific group might (or might not) reinforce the infrastructure. Japanese-Americans of California were used to assess the model empirically. Since the Japanese achieved remarkable upward mobility in the face of extreme discrimination, they constitute an important test of the model. Data drawn from various historical sources show that California Japanese hegemonized a specific arena of produce agriculture, from farm labor to production and through distribution. In a more limited way, they also hegemonized contract gardening. The model of ethnic hegemony was contrasted to the usual explanation for Japanese-American success-education. Distinctions between the model and the model of ethnic enclaves are discussed. In the future, the ethnic-hegemony model might be extended and specified to other ethnic minorities.