Sample Composition Bias and Response Bias in a Mail Survey: A Comparison of Inducement Methods
研究了邮件调查中提高回复率的诱导技术（如赞助、封面信、通知方式和问卷格式）如何导致样本构成偏差和回答偏差，从而降低调查结果的准确性。
Inducement techniques that increase mail questionnaire response rates do not necessarily improve the precision of survey results. An experimental investigation of sponsorship, cover letter message, notification method, and questionnaire format was performed. Treatment conditions that influenced response rate were found to cause two types of systematic bias that can reduce survey accuracy.