Reading Wacquant in Oakland: Poor people’s movements and the state
本文借助Wacquant关于国家制造边缘性的理论，通过分析奥克兰早期反贫困社区发展项目，揭示穷人运动如何参与并颠覆城市空间的治理，指出反贫困项目并非国家压迫政策的直接执行，而是充满矛盾、意外偏差和多重政治议程的治理计划。
In ‘Class, ethnicity and state in the making of marginality: Revisiting territories of urban relegation’, Loïc Wacquant argues that the state is central to the production and maintenance of racialised urban marginality. This rejoinder draws upon recent work on territory to extend Wacquant’s relational analysis to the everyday operation of state antipoverty programs. I use an early War on Poverty community development program in Oakland, California, to demonstrate that poor people’s movements engage and subvert attempts to govern urban space. I argue that antipoverty programs are not the direct implementation of repressive state policies on the ground but programs of government, characterised by contradictions, unexpected slippages and multiple political agendas.