Affective Attachments to Nested Groups: A Choice-Process Theory
提出理论解释选择过程如何引发短暂情绪并形成对嵌套群体（如大组织中的小团体）的持久情感依恋，认为增强控制感的选择带来积极情绪，进而强化对近端子群体的依恋。
This paper offers a theory linking choice processes with the experience of transitory emotion and the development of enduring affective attachments to nested collectivities, i.e., subgroups within a larger group, organization, or society. According to the theory, persons become emotionally attached to groups that strengthen their generalized sense of control. The underlying propositions are that: (1) choice processes that foster a high sense of control produce positive emotion (happiness, pride, gratitude); (2) such positive emotion strengthens affective attachments to groups perceived as most responsible for the choice opportunity; and (3) such positive emotion strengthens attachments to proximal subgroups more than to larger, more encompassing collectivities. Complementary predictions obtainfor lack of choice, negative emotion (sadness, shame, hostility), and the weakening of collective attachments. The theory explicates a subtle social process important to individuallgroup relations, and suggests conditions likely to produce behavior directed at the collective welfare.