Risk and Control in Multinational Enterprise: German Businesses in Scandinavia, 1918–1939
本文以两次世界大战期间德国在斯堪的纳维亚的跨国活动为例，探讨跨国企业的性质，分析德国企业因资本短缺而用卡特尔和长期合同替代直接投资的动因。
In the following essay, Dr. Schröter examines a specific case, German multinational activity in Scandinavia between the wars, and uses that information to raise more general questions about the nature of multinational enterprise. Before 1914, patterns of German foreign direct investment resembled those of the nation's competitors. After the First World War, however, having lost almost all their overseas holdings and suffering from a severe shortage of capital, German industries tried to replace foreign direct investment with other financial tools, principally cartels and long–term contracts. Using extensive German archival materials, Dr. Schröter describes the forces motivating these businesses.