Rules of engagement
从利益相关者视角分析大学与药企的临床试验合作，提出一个系统模型来识别和协调各方观点，并强调纳入利益相关者意见能提升合作效果与社会责任。
Collaborative research between universities and pharmaceutical companies is a form of public -- private sector partnership that raises important issues of governance and research integrity. The article analyses this from a stakeholder perspective with particular reference to clinical trial collaborations. Constraints and pressures on universities involved in collaborative projects are identified, together with implications for research integrity. A stakeholder systems model is offered as a means of identifying and reconciling disparate stakeholder perspectives, and its organizational justice dimensions enable evaluation of perceptions of fairness in system operation. The article contends incorporation of stakeholder views on system rationale, process and evaluation can enhance effectiveness, social responsibility and stakeholder commitment.