The Validity of Randomized Response for Sensitive Measurements
通过将随机化回答和直接提问两种调查方式下的自报逮捕次数与警方档案的真实记录对比，发现随机化回答能大幅降低回答偏差且误差随机，其均方误差表现也优于直接提问。
Randomized response is a survey technique for reducing response bias arising from respondent concern over revealing sensitive information. There has been some question whether bias reduction earned through the randomized response approach is sufficient to compensate for its inefficiency. By comparing self-reported arrests for two interview conditions (randomized response and direct question) with corresponding true scores appearing in police arrest files, a field-validation of a quantitative randomized response model was attempted. Overall, randomized response outperformed the more traditional direct-question method. Not only was there substantial reduction in mean response error, but the response error operative in the randomized response condition appeared to be random rather than systematic. A mean squared error comparison of the two conditions appears to assuage the concern over its relative inefficiency.