The Formation of Justice Norms
作者结合结构交换理论和符号互动理论，探讨了两个问题：公正规范如何形成？以及为什么不同公正规范之间存在差异？交换理论解释了公正规范产生的客观、结构性和物质性背景；符号互动理论则阐明了公正规范形成的主观、主体间和观念性过程。结构交换中的情境差异（如分配性交换与生产性交换、权力依赖平等与否）有助于解释特定公正规范（如机会均等、平等、地位等级不平等、需要和公平）的形成。作者将理论分析与现有数据联系起来，并提出了检验其关键含义的实验建议。
Joining ideas from structural exchange theory and symbolic interaction theory, this paper addresses two questions: (a) How does a justice norm form? and (b) Why do variations among justice norms arise? Exchange theory clarifies the objective, structural, and largely material contexts in which justice norms originate. Symbolic interaction theory illuminates the subjective, intersubjective, and mainly ideal process through which justice norms emerge. Context variations in structural exchange (whether a setting entails distributive or productive exchange, equal or unequal power-dependence) help account for the formation of specific justice norms: equal opportunity, equality, status-rank inequality, need, and equity. We link our theoretical account to existing data and suggest experimental tests of its key implications.