The Beginning of Statistics in Yugoslavia
本文讲述了18世纪中叶南斯拉夫地区统计学的起源，受奥地利女王玛丽亚·特蕾莎政治改革推动，统计被引入大学和政府决策，并分析了克罗地亚与塞尔维亚的不同发展路径。
The beginning of statistics in the territory of the present Yugoslavia took place in the middle of the second half of the 18th century. At that time statistics was growing in other countries of Western Europe as a result of the selfpropagation of ideas among scientists. Instead of that the development of statistics in Yugoslavia was stimulated by a political programme introduced in Austria and the associated territories by the empress Maria Theresa (1717-1780). This programme included, inter alia, the improvement of education, the modernization of state administration, recruitment of qualified government employees, etc. In the implementation of this programme statistics was considered to be a useful tool. As a result, statistics was introduced in university curricula while employees of the government administration were expected to support the collection of data and use the facts in their decision making. The political programme of the Austrian throne referred directly to Croatia, viz, the north-western part of Yugoslavia. During the reported events Croatia was included in the Austro-Hungarian state. This is why statistics started in Croatia earlier than in other parts of Yugoslavia. However, similar developments appeared soon after in Serbia, although Serbia was not a part of Austro-Hungarian state. This expansion of statistics beyond the borders of Austro-Hungary was a result of cultural influences. Young people from Serbia travelled for education to Austria and Hungary where they had a chance to absorb ideas about statistics.