Why did the Portuguese economy stop converging with the OECD? Institutions, politics and innovation
探讨葡萄牙经济长期失去竞争力的制度约束，认为政治过程中权力不对称导致少数群体主导经济政治生活，从而阻碍向高附加值转型，并指出技术追赶背后存在政治过程影响发展。
Underlying the crisis affecting peripheral European countries is their structural, long-term loss of competitiveness (Hadjimichalis, 2011, European Urban and Regional Studies, 18: 254–274). This article will focus on the Portuguese case and discuss the institutional constraints that hindered its economy from transitioning towards the production of higher-value added goods and services. It will discuss institutions as the product of a political process laden with power asymmetries and argue that the dominance of a relatively small community at the heart of economic and political life in Portugal has conditioned the development of the economy as a whole. Using this framework, this article will then contribute to the literatures on innovation and technological modernisation and argue that alongside a technical process of catching up there is a political process that can enable or constrain development.